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People often try to pin down which fuel does what, and why. Theres a reason that it all can seem a little slippery at times.
Organic chemistry (all petrochemicals are organic) has become a pretty concise science only in the last century or so. Theres a gazillion (thats one of those concise scientific terms) different flavors, all related, grouped into families that are similar in molecular structure and composition. This is reflected in naming convention. For example, you can tell that that butane, pentane, and octane are closely related. Ketones, alcohols, aldehydes - these are all names for different branches in the organic chem family. This is all fine and good.
The slick stuff comes up out of the ground (or out of bio-vats) with about most of the gazillion different flavors all mixed together. The exact mix is different every time.
Refining to separate them out is an expensive multi-stage process and is only done sufficiently to separate out those things that have a market value. Even what we put in our cars is not just one kind of petrochem - its got all kinds of stuff in there (thus the variously refined grades you get at the pump) - and thats a pretty big market!
To add to the fun, petrochems were being pumped up out of the ground and used for various things long before we knew all that structural theory. So some names - like kerosene - predate the nomenclature and don't follow the pattern. And some don't even have one particular chemical definition. They're really more trade names for a brew whose exact composition varies widely - especially when travelling across national boundaries, or even between regions within a country. Whats called "paraffin" (by one company) in town X acts suspiciously like what I'd have expected of "kerosene" back in town Y. Next stop, they stock both "kerosene" and "paraffin" but no "lamp oil" - but the "paraffin" acts a lot like what they called "lampolie" in the last country.
Composition/purity is sometimes labelled, but usually not. Some places, you don't even get a container! ..gotta bring yer own.
As noted on other threads, checking out what purpose its being marketed for will sometimes give you a clue. Jet fuel, as near as i can tell, is a highly refined grade of kerosene.
Don't get me wrong, I'm not discouraging note-comparing. Please do!
It can be a good idea to check on where the speaker at any given time is speaking from.
Bottom line is: any time you change location or brand, its really best to do a full test-burn yourself before you light up in front of an audience. Otherwise, unpleasant surprises may await.
Organic chemistry (all petrochemicals are organic) has become a pretty concise science only in the last century or so. Theres a gazillion (thats one of those concise scientific terms) different flavors, all related, grouped into families that are similar in molecular structure and composition. This is reflected in naming convention. For example, you can tell that that butane, pentane, and octane are closely related. Ketones, alcohols, aldehydes - these are all names for different branches in the organic chem family. This is all fine and good.
The slick stuff comes up out of the ground (or out of bio-vats) with about most of the gazillion different flavors all mixed together. The exact mix is different every time.
Refining to separate them out is an expensive multi-stage process and is only done sufficiently to separate out those things that have a market value. Even what we put in our cars is not just one kind of petrochem - its got all kinds of stuff in there (thus the variously refined grades you get at the pump) - and thats a pretty big market!
To add to the fun, petrochems were being pumped up out of the ground and used for various things long before we knew all that structural theory. So some names - like kerosene - predate the nomenclature and don't follow the pattern. And some don't even have one particular chemical definition. They're really more trade names for a brew whose exact composition varies widely - especially when travelling across national boundaries, or even between regions within a country. Whats called "paraffin" (by one company) in town X acts suspiciously like what I'd have expected of "kerosene" back in town Y. Next stop, they stock both "kerosene" and "paraffin" but no "lamp oil" - but the "paraffin" acts a lot like what they called "lampolie" in the last country.
Composition/purity is sometimes labelled, but usually not. Some places, you don't even get a container! ..gotta bring yer own.
As noted on other threads, checking out what purpose its being marketed for will sometimes give you a clue. Jet fuel, as near as i can tell, is a highly refined grade of kerosene.
Don't get me wrong, I'm not discouraging note-comparing. Please do!
It can be a good idea to check on where the speaker at any given time is speaking from.
Bottom line is: any time you change location or brand, its really best to do a full test-burn yourself before you light up in front of an audience. Otherwise, unpleasant surprises may await.
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Re: Fuel 101 – theory and practice
Sat, January 31, 2004 - 7:18 AMNice job! As a chemist, I can confirm you're right on! -
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Re: Fuel 101 – theory and practice
Sun, February 1, 2004 - 3:22 AMThanks Talia!
it being 20 years since taking organic chem, its reassuring that I still know how to use "gazillion" properly in a sentence.. -
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Re: Fuel 101 – theory and practice
Sun, February 1, 2004 - 7:39 AMYes, it's one of those tricky terms to use properly but you seem to have mastered the art :)
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Re: Fuel 101 – theory and practice
Sun, February 1, 2004 - 10:51 AMIt's probably best to get an MSDS on anything that one decides to burn.
I've done a bit of fuel research lately and I'm planning on publishing the results at some point in the near future. Here's a quick summary:
Jet Fuel is indeed highly refined desulphurized kerosene. However, it's still smoky and very smelly. Other than that, it burns just like kerosene. Most jet fuels still contain some amount of naptha and benzene which are carcinogenic. I bought 5 gallons of it to spin with, once it's gone, I won't be buying any more.
Kerosene comes in many different grades and it's difficult to be certain of what one is getting. It's also known as, "liquid paraffin", which it's not, and also known as "lamp oil". The ability to get kerosene suitable for fire toys is dependent on local sources. The most appropriate would be undyed K-1 grade kerosene that is clear, which implies that most of the sulphur has been removed. This is the type of kerosene that is used with indoor heaters and should be safe for fire spinning. If in doubt, consult the MSDS.
A third fuel is called "white oil" or "white mineral oil" by the petroleum industry. This is the real, "liquid paraffin". I'm pretty sure that this is what's being sold as "ultra-pure" lamp oil. It is available in various viscosities, the lowest would be desired for fire spinning. It has a very high flash point, generally around 350F relative to kerosene which has a flash point of around 150F or white gas which is closer to 90F. It is quite safe, in that it is very highly refined, and expensive as a result. In fact, some grades white mineral oil can are used as a food additive. As always, rely on the MSDS for safety details.